The germanium IV ion, of formula Ge 4, is a monatomic cation having a defect of 4 electrons.But the fast neutron irradiation can cause point defects which anneal around 200☌. Just like steel, the structure of germanium cannot be altered by neutron radiation.In addition, like gallium, germanium is one of the few elements that sees its volume increase when it changes from liquid to solid.It has 5 natural isotopes such as 76 Ge, which is weakly radioactive, but also 27 radioisotopes which have been synthesized.It is a semiconductor metalloid that crystallizes with the same structure as diamond, like its neighbor in the periodic table of elements, silicon.Germanium is a relatively fragile white or silvery metal which cannot react (or reacts weakly) with air, water, acids except nitric acid.With the atomic number 32 Ge is a member of the group of crystallogens.Physical and chemical properties of germanium Physical properties of germanium Zone refining techniques have succeeded in producing crystalline germanium for semi-conduction with only 0.1 ppb of impurity.Germanium tetrachloride is a volatile liquid that boils at 86 ° C and can be distilled. To obtain ultra-high purity germanium, it is necessary to use a method with germanium tetrachloride as an intermediate to purify the germanium metal or its oxide of formula GeO2.In 2006, China was the leader in production since it supplied 79% of the world supply of germanium. In 2004, world production of Ge was estimated at approx 40 tonnes.Renierite (formula (Cu, Zn) 11 (Ge, As) 2 Fe 4 S 16).Germanite, which contains up to 9% in cubic form.It is a mineral occurring in the cubic crystal system. It can be recovered as a by-product from zinc sphalerite ores, which have the chemical formula ZnS. The Ionization energy of Ge is- E o = 762 kJ / mol. The energy spent on the separation of an electron from an atom is called the ionization energy and is denoted by E o. What is the Ionization energy of the germanium element? For the Ge atom, these numbers have the value N = 4, L = 1, M l = 0, M s = ½ The quantum numbers are determined by the last electron in the configuration. The germanium atoms in the compounds have oxidation states 4, 3, 2, 1. The oxidation state is the conditional charge of an atom in a compound. What are the oxidation states of germanium? Germanium atoms in compounds exhibit valency IV, III, II, I. The valence of germanium characterizes the ability of the Ge atom to form chemical bonds. Germanium has 32 electrons, we can fill the electron shells as below: The germanium atom and Se +2, Br +3 have the same electronic configuration. In short form- Germanium Electron configuration: 4s 2 3d 10 4p 2.In long form- Electronic configuration of Germanium Ge: 1s 2 2s 2 2p 6 3s 2 3p 6 4s 2 3d 10 4p 2.We can write electronic configuration of germanium in two forms, as below :. Germanium occupies 32nd place in the periodic table, in the 4th period. It is important to note that the existence of germanium and neptunium had been predicted before their discovery. Indeed, he had first suggested "neptunium" in reference to the planet Neptune, discovered in similar circumstances. However, germanium was not Clemens Winkler's first idea. Clemens Winkler isolated and identified it from the argyrodite mineral.īy analyzing it, Clemens Winkler determines that it is composed of silver, sulphide, iron oxide, zinc as well as a still unknown element which will turn out to be element 32. Germanium was discovered by Clemens Winkler. It was not until Februthat the German scientist discovered germanium. It will then name the one corresponding to germanium “eka-silicon” since this is located in the box below that of silicon. But, since it has boxes still vacant, it attributes elements still unknown at the time, elements to be discovered. In 1871, Dimitri Mendeleïv proposed a periodic table grouping together the various known chemical elements. Now you are aware of germanium so let's discuss the discovery and electronic configuration of germanium. The name germanium was proposed by its discoverer as a tribute to his country. Indeed, this element has been identified in Germany. The name of the element germanium derives from the Latin "Germania" meaning Germania. Germanium is a chemical element with atomic number 32 in the Periodic Table of the elements.
Germanium symbol is Ge and you will know about Germanium electron configuration, atomic number & mass as well as its oxidation states, valency and properties, so let’s start with- What is Germanium? In this article we are going to cover all the information regarding germanium element.
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